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RebeccaDridan edited this page Mar 5, 2012 · 51 revisions

Background

We are seeking to collect user-generated text to support the evaluation of parser adaptation across domain/genre. We are interested in a variety of registers: Open Access Research Literature, Wikipedia, Technology Blogs, Product Reviews and User Forums. Secondly we collect text from sources that discuess with the Linux operating system or natural language processing. The choice of these domains is motivated by our assumption that the users of the corpus will be more familiar with the language used in connection with these topics.

Collected Data

NLP blogs were obtained in mid-April from the following sites:

Linux blogs were also downloaded in mid-April, from:

Linux forums were extracted from the Unix & Linux subset of the April 2011 Stack Exchange Creative Commons Dump. In this set a text corresponds to a post (be it a question or an answer). If necessary threads can be reconstructed by using the primary/new id xref file.

Linux reviews are from http://www.softpedia.com/reviews/linux/. They possible require some manual cleaning - each review typically ends with a sentence like 'Check out these screenshots'

The Linux wiki set was created following the method used for WikiWoods.

All data and scripts are in /ltg/jread/workspace/wesearch/data-collection. The content has been extracted by finding the most specific element that contains all the relevant text (for example, blog posts typically contain some element with an attribute indicating that is the content element). All mark-up related to rendering has been retained for now. Sentences were obtained from tokenizer (as used in creating WikiWoods).
Section Source Documents Total Items Avg. Items
NLP, blog http://blog.cyberling.org 51 659 12.9
http://gameswithwords.fieldofscience.com 457 11,014 24.1
http://lingpipe-blog.com 343 12,693 37.0
http://nlpers.blogspot.com 249 7,612 30.6
http://thelousylinguist.blogspot.com 536 7,748 14.5
Linux, blog http://embraceubuntu.com 220 2,957 13.4
http://www.linuxscrew.com 312 4,049 13.0
http://www.markshuttleworth.com 159 4,503 28.3
http://www.ubuntugeek.com 1,631 42,770 26.2
http://ubuntu.philipcasey.com 105 1,577 15.0
http://www.ubuntu-unleashed.com 278 6,362 22.9
Linux, forums stack exchange 9,945 54249 5.5
Linux, reviews softpedia 249 13,430 53.9

Initial Parsing Results
Section Items Coverage Length Ambiguity Time Tokens Types
NLP, wiki 11558 86.4% 18.0 10859 8.2 238059 19396
NLP, blog 46106 81.9% 15.5 8158 6.1 838592 41771
Linux, wiki 40738 85.0% 18.5 12407 9.6 843082 45783
Linux, blog 92280 83.7% 11.1 5151 3.9 1000683 48511
Linux, review 14761 84.6% 18.1 10610 7.5 304672 13158
Linux, forum 85743 74.8% 11.0 4885 3.1 1115412 56673

Corpus statistics for each section. Coverage shows what precentage of items received an analysis (using the unadapted parser 'out of the box'), and ambiguity and time give an indication of average parsing complexity (for the 'vanilla' parser configuration). Tokens shows the token count of each section and types is the number of unique, non-punctuation tokens seen per section.

Data Preparation

  • Given an HTML document, extract elements specified by a set of XPaths.

  • Sentence segment using tokenizer adapted to handle HTML tags---P, LI, PRE, DIV force line breaks.

  • Simplify by:

    • removing automatically generated text

    • removing superfluous whitespace

    • removing comments

    • removing some attributes (e.g. HREF)

    • ersatzing CODE and IMG

  • Filter CODE and IMG if they occur in isolation. Filter OL, UL, TABLE.

  • Create line-oriented itsdb import files with only one source and up to 1,000 items. Do not split documents across profiles.

Identifier Format

Initial WDC identifiers take the form of:

  • DGSPPPPPIIII

where:

  • D : 'domain' (1=linux, 2=nlp)
  • G : 'genre' (1=academic, 2=blogs, 3=forum, 4=reviews, 5=wiki)
  • S : source (unique to domain and genre):
    • 121=embraceubuntu.com
    • 122=ubuntu.philipcasey.com
    • 123=www.linuxscrew.com
    • 124=www.markshuttleworth.com
    • 125=www.ubuntugeek.com
    • 126=www.ubuntu-unleashed.com
    • 221=blog.cyberling.org
    • 222=gameswithwords.fieldofscience.com
    • 223=lingpipe-blog.com
    • 224=nlpers.blogspot.com
    • 225=thelousylinguist.blogspot.com
  • P : post (unique to domain, genre and source)
  • I : item, (unique to domain, genre, source and post)

Output

  • Profile import files as lists of IDs and items.

  • Pointer file for each profile, with lines corresponding to items, with item start index in source document, and lists of pairs (start, length) indicating deletions.

  • Cross-reference file with document ids CSDDDDDD and source URL.

Parsing Results on clean data

(wiki results just copied from above)
Section Items Coverage Length Time Tokens
NLP, wiki 11558 86.4% 18.0 8.2 238059
NLP, blog 38498 80.8% 17.6 8.3 676080
Linux, wiki 40738 85.0% 18.5 9.6 843082
Linux, blog 64520 82.3% 13.2 5.7 854157
Linux, review 13430 80.4% 19.8 9.2 266063
Linux, forum 54249 82.0% 14.8 5.6 802736

And again on clean blog data:
Section Items Coverage Length (parsed) Time Tokens
NLP, blog 39726 82.9% 17.2 (14.8) 7.0 681896
Linux, blog 62216 82.2% 13.0 (11.1) 4.6 808600

Observed Tags
Tag Frequency Definition
p 51214 paragraph
br 39709 single line break
div 17426 section in a document
li 17267 list item
strong 8103 strong text
img 7329 image
blockquote 3474 long quotation
h1 3265 Header 1
code 2821 computer code text
td 2623 cell in a table
em 1320 emphasized text
h4 1313 Header 4
var 1166 variable part of a text
h3 1051 Header 3
h2 988 Header 2
small 976 small text
tr 945 row in a table
param 211 parameter for an object
ol 204 ordered list
font 184 font, color and size for text (deprecated)
table 183 table
input 157 input control
th 146 header cell in a table
tt 115 teletype text
kbd 80 keyboard text
sup 76 superscripted text
s 71 strikethrough text (deprecated)
tbody 68 groups the body content in a table
sub 53 subscripted text
col 44 attribute values for one or more columns in a table
label 38 label for an input element
dt 12 term in a definition list
dd 10 description of a term in a definition list
acronym 6 acronym
dl 6 definition list
abbr 4 abbreviation
noscript 4 an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
h5 2 Header 5

Other Potential Sources

Open Access Research Literature

Wikis

  • The WeScience corpus composed of Wikipedia articles in the domain of Natural Language Processing.

  • ThinkWiki, a collection of reference materials and HOWTOs for Think Pad users, with a particular focus on linux. All information found on this wiki is published under the GNU Free Documentation License.

  • The One Laptop Per Child Wiki describes work and ideas related to the One Laptop Per Child project. The content is available under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0.

  • Dr Wiki is a nonprofit educational web site made by physicians for physicians, medical students, and healthcare providers. Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.

Product Reviews

  • Polarity 2.0, a collection of 2,000 movie reviews originally posted on Usenet. Reviews are classified according to sentiment, and tokenised by sentence. Capitalisation information has been removed. About 1,400,000 tokens in 64,000 sentences.

  • Bing Lui's Amazon Product Review Data contains about 5.8 million customer product reviews from Amazon, (about 980 million words). Licensing information is not mentioned, but Amazon's website says "Amazon grants you a limited license to access and make personal use of this site and not to download (other than page caching) or modify it, or any portion of it, except with express written consent of Amazon. This license does not include any resale or commercial use of this site or its contents; any collection and use of any product listings, descriptions, or prices; any derivative use of this site or its contents; any downloading or copying of account information for the benefit of another merchant; or any use of data mining, robots, or similar data gathering and extraction tools. This site or any portion of this site may not be reproduced, duplicated, copied, sold, resold, visited, or otherwise exploited for any commercial purpose without express written consent of Amazon.". The data is available in ~jread/data/lui

  • The Multi-Domain Sentiment Dataset also contains Amazon product reviews in several domains. The processed reviews are distributed as feature vectors. The unprocessed data is available in ~jread/data/mdsd.

  • Epinions collects consumer reviews in the domains of: cars, books, movies, music, computers, electronics, gifts, home/garden, kids/family, office supply, sports and travel. Their usage policy states that "Using any automated means to access the site or collect any information from the site" is inappropriate, but perhaps it's worth sending an email, as Paolo Massa obtained a dump directly from Epinions (but unfortunately did not retain the textual data).

  • http://www.category5.tv/product_reviews/ (creative commons).

  • http://www.geek.com/ "© 2010 Geeknet, Inc. "... but copyright details make no mention of redistribution.

  • http://www.reviewlinux.com/. Creative Commons licensed reviews of linux distributions.

  • http://news.softpedia.com/cat/Reviews/Linux-software/ 'enthusiast'-generated content. Need to request copyright exemption.

Blogs

Mailing Lists

  • DELPH-IN

  • MOSES

  • The Usenet Corpus, consisting of 28 million documents (each between 500 and 500,000 words in length, from around 48,000 different newsgroups. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Canada License.

User Forums

  • The Stack Overflow Data Dump is from a question/answer website with content relating to cooking, game development, gaming, mathematics, photography, server faults, stack apps, programming, system administration, ubuntu, web applications and web administration. Shared under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2.5 Generic.

  • LinuxQuestions, no license declaration.

  • UbuntuForums, license owned by Canonical, but no restrictions specified.

  • Nabble is a free forum hosting service with no license declaration. Many different topics and several languages.

Related Work

Next Steps

  • count numbers of sources and documents (within each source)

  • two-level stratification: across sources, then across documents

  • 2,000 items per collection as held-out data for future generations

  • 2,000 items per collection as test data, to be treebanked

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